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To conclude, let us return again to satellites. This is a Spot Image of the Rio Parana in South America and you can see that there is a polluted affluence that transmits its pollution to the main river. We can detect pollution from satellite images ; you can detect diseased trees in forests one by one. We obtain a very precise detection of the state of nature.

This is necessary because if we draw up a map indicating the state of nature all over the world, we see that all continents are suffering from different ecological crises except for our continent, Europe, a continent which is not by any means perfect, but much better than any of the other continents.

For the specialists working in space, 90% say that their job is to serve as a mirror to show what is happening on earth or to transmit information. Surveying the state of the environment, reflecting television images, transmitting telephone messages as we are doing now. However, a small minority of these people say that we have to think again about life in space. O'Neill in the USA proposed this hollow, artificial planet, one kilometre wide, a cylinder rotating every minute which thus creates gravity due to centrifugal force, with ,inside, a complete bio-sphere.

This was the idea of Bio-Sphere II in Arizona, the idea of making a stable bio-sphere with 3 400 different species : plants, animals, insects. This is necessary in order to recycle oxygen, water, etc.. In order to stay permanently in space, humans need to carry a complete biosphere. To stabilise it is difficult, but not impossible.

Though Bio-Sphere II was not a complete success. There is nothing to say that we cannot succeed in stabilising a bio-sphere. Inside, it does not resemble the wild forest of the tropics, but to the garden behind your house. Thus one can say that gardening is a very meaningful activity linked to the next century.

I will finish by saying that among 193 primate species, there is one with very little hair that has given himself the name of Homo Sapiens. In fact he is not a Homo Sapiens but a Homo Coca-Colensis, as said by Joseph Ki Zerbo. The problem of the next century will be to reach the stage of the Homo Sapiens which will regulate himself by "Wisdom" (Sapiens), in two major fields : that of reproduction and that of his equilibrium with nature.